Homebrew intro

https://formulae.brew.sh/

Homebrew 

Homebrew은 수제 맥주, 패키지 관리시스템(Chocolatey for Windows, apt-get for dpkg, or yum for RPM.)
사용자가 패키지를 빌드하고 버전별 관리하게 해준다는 의미

• 3th-party Package Manager (for missing package of OS X) 
  OS X에 설치되어 있지 않은 Unix팩키지를 설치/사용/업그레이드/삭제
• 관리자 권한이 필요없다 (sudo)
• 설치한 팩키지를 버전별로 사용
• 각각의 팩키지별로 설치되는 실행파일과 라이브러리, 헤더파일은 개발할때 팩키지를 찾는데 효과적이다.

용어 정의

HomeBrew	자가 양조	소프트웨어 자가 구축
Formula	단계별 요리법	빌드 방법/절차가 작성된 스크립트(.rb) 팩키지와 관련 dependency를 설치하는 방법 (예를 들어 다운로들할 tar.gzip파일 위치 같은 정보가 들어있다.)
Caskroom cask brew-cask	extend Homebrew	팩키지 실제경로 /usr/local/Caskroom
Celler	와인이나 맥주 등의 저장고	프로그램 설치장소 Package를 자신의 Cellar(/usr/local/Cellar/팩키지명)에 설치하고,  /usr/local/bin 에 symlinks를 만든다.
Keg	저장용 작은 통	Build 자료 A “Keg” is the installation prefix of a formula, such as: openssl-1.0.2h_1.el_capitan.bottle.tar.gz
bottle		pre-built binary Keg used for installation instead of building from source. It can be unpacked
Cask
tap		/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/
Brew	양조	소프트웨어 Build

Package 설치

우선 해당 Package를 검색해 본다. 이때 설치된 Package는 체크표시가 되어 있다. 
(예를들어 굳이 brew list | grep -i NginX 로 설치여부를 확인할 필요없음)

brew search vim

설치후, 삭제하고 싶을때는 brew uninstall 사용.

brew install vim

Documentation

brew

brew help

Example usage:
  brew search [TEXT|/REGEX/]
  brew (info|home|options) [FORMULA...]
  brew install FORMULA...
  brew update
  brew upgrade [FORMULA...]
  brew uninstall FORMULA...
  brew list [FORMULA...]

Troubleshooting:
  brew config
  brew doctor
  brew install -vd FORMULA

Developers:
  brew create [URL [--no-fetch]]
  brew edit [FORMULA...]
  https://docs.brew.sh/Formula-Cookbook

Further help:
  man brew
  brew help [COMMAND]
  brew home

메뉴얼

man brew 

Homebrew 관리

팩키지 리스트 업데이트

새 버전으로 업데이트할 대상 소프트웨어가 무엇인지 확인 

brew update 

설치한 팩키지  업그레이드

전체 팩키지(인수 없이) 또는 특정 팩키지 팩키지 최신설치,   brew upgrade <팩키지명>

brew upgrade

Caches

다운로드한  bottles 목록 (~/Library/Caches/Homebrew)

brew –cache

Tap (= get Cask, repository)

Homebrew의 master repository에 포함되지 않는 repository를 참조할때 

brew tap                     # list tapped repositories
brew tap <tapname>           # add tap
brew untap <tapname>         # remove a tap 

homebrew-core  : default로 설치된 tap (/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core)
homebrew-science
homebrew-php
homebrew-nginx
……..

Formulas

Homebrew에 설치할 수 있는 팩키지들, 일종의 팩키지 설명 (이 목록은 /usr/local/Library/Formulas 안에 있음)
해당 팩키지를 다운을 받아 설치하는 .rb 파일

• http://braumeister.org provides recent activity. => http://braumeister.org/formula/wget

• http://brewformulas.org => http://brewformulas.org/wget

brew install <formula>
brew install Repository/<formula>  =>    brew tap  <Repository>  +   brew install <formula> 

예> wget 프로그램의 formula
Formula는 간단한 Ruby 스크립트입니다 (package .rb )

class Wget < Formula
  homepage "https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/"
  url "https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.15.tar.gz"
  sha256 "52126be8cf1bddd7536886e74c053ad7d0ed2aa89b4b630f76785bac21695fcd"

  def install
    system "./configure", "--prefix=#{prefix}"
    system "make", "install"
  end
end

Fomular를 통한 설치는 /usr/local/bin폴더에 wget 을 설치한다. 

패키지 비활성화 및 활성화

$ brew unlink wget  # 일시적으로 비활성화
$ brew link wget    # 활성화
$ brew remove wget  # 패키지 제거

Homebrew 설치

Preparations , 준비

App store에서 Xcode 설치 후, Xcode Command Line Tool 설치

xcode-select --install

 Xcode license 동의

sudo xcodebuild -license

Xcode 실행

드디어,  설치

https://brew.sh/index_ko.html

스크립트 실행

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
==> This script will install:
/usr/local/bin/brew
/usr/local/share/doc/homebrew
/usr/local/share/man/man1/brew.1
/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew
/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/brew
/usr/local/Homebrew

Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort

==> Downloading and installing Homebrew...
remote: Counting objects: 5732, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3562/3562), done.
remote: Total 5732 (delta 3182), reused 3797 (delta 1990), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (5732/5732), 3.37 MiB | 284.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (3182/3182), done.
From https://github.com/Homebrew/brew
 * [new branch]      master     -> origin/master
 * [new tag]         0.1        -> 0.1
 * [new tag]         0.2        -> 0.2
 ...
 * [new tag]         1.1.8      -> 1.1.8
 * [new tag]         1.1.9      -> 1.1.9
HEAD is now at 30582a5 Merge pull request #2486 from reitermarkus/fix-audit
==> Tapping homebrew/core
Cloning into '/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core'...
remote: Counting objects: 4347, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4154/4154), done.
remote: Total 4347 (delta 37), reused 449 (delta 18), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (4347/4347), 3.47 MiB | 163.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (37/37), done.
Tapped 4158 formulae (4,387 files, 10.9MB)
==> Cleaning up /Library/Caches/Homebrew...
==> Migrating /Library/Caches/Homebrew to /Users/onesixx/Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> Deleting /Library/Caches/Homebrew...
Already up-to-date.
==> Installation successful!

==> Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate user behaviour analytics.
Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:
  http://docs.brew.sh/Analytics.html

==> Next steps:
- Run `brew help` to get started
- Further documentation: 
    http://docs.brew.sh

설치 후,  profile에  심볼릭 링크가 있는 /usr/local/bin/ 을 추가 

echo export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH" >> ~/.bash_profile

#~/.bash_profile
export CLICOLOR=1
export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"

zsh 을 사용하는 경우에는 .bash_profie 대신에 .zshrc 에 ~

탭 자동완성 활성화하기

아래의 명령을 ~/.bash_profile (~/.profile, ~/.bashrc)실행스크립트에 넣어두면,
brew 명령을 tab 자동완성으로 사용할 수 있다. 

source `brew --repository`/Library/Contributions/brew_bash_completion.sh

source `brew --prefix`/Library/Contributions/brew_bash_completion.sh

설치 후 확인 

$ brew doctor 

Your system is ready to brew.

설치된 팩키지 목록

$ brew list

필수 설치

Java

$ brew cask install java

XQuartz

https://www.xquartz.org

$ brew install Caskroom/cask/xquartz 

추가작업

OS X 에 Brew설정 

El capitan OS 의 ‘시스템 무결성 보호(System Integrity Protection)’인 “rootless”는 Homebrew 설치 폴더인 /usr/local 폴더에는
영향을 주지 않는다. 

/usr/local이 존재하는 경우, 폴더의 퍼미션이 변경함

sudo chown $(whoami):admin /usr/local && sudo chown -R $(whoami):admin /usr/local

계속 “already up-to-date”로 표시 되는 경우 

16.10.11 업데이트 에러 처리

cd  "$(brew --repo) " &&  git fetch &&  git reset --hard origin/master &&  brew update

Homebrew 정보 확인

버전 확인

brew -v

Homebrew 1.1.12
Homebrew/homebrew-core (git revision 6f2e; last commit 2017-04-13)

설치위치

which brew

/usr/local/bin/brew

설정 

brew config

HOMEBREW_VERSION: 1.1.12
ORIGIN: https://github.com/Homebrew/brew
HEAD: 8ea778f7c7ea790694485030d105a92a9416ef33
Last commit: 11 days ago
Core tap ORIGIN: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core
Core tap HEAD: 6f2e60d8a664a024d77bc4875cfffbf7b75452f6
Core tap last commit: 38 minutes ago

HOMEBREW_PREFIX: /usr/local
HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY: /usr/local/Homebrew
HOMEBREW_CELLAR: /usr/local/Cellar
HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN: https://homebrew.bintray.com

CPU: octa-core 64-bit ivybridge
Homebrew Ruby: 2.0.0-p648
Clang: 8.1 build 802
Git: 2.11.0 => /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/git
Perl: /usr/bin/perl
Python: /usr/bin/python
Ruby: /usr/bin/ruby => /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby
Java: N/A

macOS: 10.12.4-x86_64
Xcode: 8.3.1
CLT: 8.3.0.0.1.1490382677
X11: N/A

정보확인

kegs (Files) 숫자 와 차지하는 disk space

brew info -all

15 kegs, 18,528 files, 540.6M

Homebrew 제거

$ cd `brew --prefix`
$ rm -rf Cellar
$ brew prune
$ rm `git ls-files`
$ rmdir Library/Homebrew Library/Aliases Library/Formula Library/Contributions
$ rm -rf .git
$ rm -rf ~/Library/Caches/Homebrew

$ rm -rf /usr/local/Cellar /usr/local/.git &&  brew cleanup

https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/blob/master/docs/Tips-N’-Tricks.md

https://wilsonmar.github.io/macos-homebrew/

http://tristanpenman.com/blog/posts/2015/10/20/installing-r-and-rstudio-on-mac-os-x/

https://github.com/mimul/dev-environment/blob/master/mac-homebrew.md

https://andromedarabbit.net/wp/homebrew-%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EB%B2%95/

https://github.com/Homebrew/brew

http://blog.saltfactory.net/mac/install-unix-packages-on-macosx-via-homebrew.html

https://rud.is/b/2015/10/22/installing-r-on-os-x-100-homebrew-edition/

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install

http://brew.sh/index_ko.html

http://python-guide-kr.readthedocs.io/ko/latest/starting/install/osx.html